Kajian Literatur tentang Prinsip Optik Pewarna Alami dan Kontribusinya terhadap Kesejahteraan Sosial Ekonomi

Abstract

This literature review analyzes the optical principles of natural dyes and their implications for socio-economic well-being, driven by the urgent transition of industries toward sustainability. Optically, color is produced by chromophore group , but natural dyes face critical stability challenges, including photodegradation, pH changes, and fastness issues against washing and rubbing.   To overcome inconsistency and logistical problems limiting Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), chemical engineering innovation is crucial. Solutions include using mordants (e.g., sodium acetate) to enhance color affinity , as well as applying advanced techniques such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as photochemical protectors  and spray drying to convert liquid pigments into stable and consistent powders.   The socio-economic contribution is multidimensional. Natural dyes support community empowerment, increase supplementary income , and integrate local agricultural sectors into the industrial value chain, contributing significantly to regional GRDP (PDRB). Furthermore, their use in the food, pharmaceutical, and children's toy industries ensures safety and supports cognitive development. Although the organic dye market is growing steadily, mass adoption is hindered by high costs, supply scarcity , and a visual gap (lack of brightness) compared to synthetic dyes. Therefore, investment in R&D for technical consistency is a prerequisite for realizing the potential for sustainability and community economic resilience.