Adaptasi Model ADDIE dalam Desain Instruksional Extended Reality (XR): Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis

Abstract

This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify, analyze, and synthesize how the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) is adapted and applied in instructional design for Extended Reality (XR) environments, which encompass Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). The primary objective of this SLR is to examine the specific adjustments required in each ADDIE phase, ranging from Analysis of learner needs in an immersive context, Design of spatial learning experiences, Development of XR content and scenarios, Implementation of technology and training, to Evaluation of learning impact and user engagement within the XR environment. The literature review results indicate that the adaptation of ADDIE in XR often involves more intense iteration and a greater focus on factors such as technology, ergonomics, and realism/immersiveness during the Design and Development phases. Key challenges identified include selecting the appropriate XR platform, managing learner cognitive load, and developing valid evaluation metrics to measure skills transfer within simulated contexts.Overall, the findings provide an enriched framework guide for instructional designers and XR practitioners, highlighting best practices and adaptive models that ensure the effective and efficient design of XR learning experiences.